Health Encyclopedia
Pulmonary aspergillosis - invasive
Definition
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is an infection of the lungs caused by a fungus.
See also: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Alternative Names
Aspergillosis - acute invasiveCauses
Aspergillosis is caused by the fungus aspergillus, which is commonly found in nature but only rarely causes illness in people.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is the most serious type of aspergillosis infection. It can affect any organ, particularly the heart, lungs, brain, and kidneys.
People with a weakened immune system (for example, from chemotherapy or HIV) are most likely to develop this kind of infection.
The most common type of immune system problem that causes this infection is a very low white blood cell count over a long period. People who have had chemotherapy or a bone marrow transplant sometimes have this type of problem.
Symptoms
- Chest pain
- Cough
- Fever
- Joint pain
- Shortness of breath
- Unintentional weight loss
Exams and Tests
Listening to the chest with a stethoscope (auscultation) may reveal crackles or a sound made by the inflamed lining of the lung rubbing against the lung (pleural friction rub).
Tests may include:
- Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy
- CBC
- Chest CT scan
- Chest x-ray
- Open lung biopsy
- Sputum culture and fungal stains
Treatment
The goal of therapy is to treat any immune problems and to control the infection with antifungal medications. In the past, antifungal therapy involved a potentially harmful antibiotic called amphotericin B. Several less toxic drugs have been introduced that work against aspergillus.
If white blood cell counts are too low, the patient usually must reduce or stop immunosuppressive drug therapy and begin treatment with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (GCSF). This treatment stimulates the body's production of infection-fighting white blood cells.
Outlook (Prognosis)
Patients with the invasive form of pulmonary aspergillosis are usually critically ill. The disease is difficult to cure. Talk to your health care provider about your individual case.
Possible Complications
This infection can damage multiple organs, eventually causing multi-organ system failure.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider if you develop symptoms of this disorder. If you know you have a low white blood cell count and have fevers or symptoms of a respiratory infection, you should immediately tell your health care provider. An early diagnosis may improve the chance of a good outcome.
Prevention
If your immune system isn't working properly because of disease or medications, tell your doctor right away if you see new symptoms.
References
Goldman, L. Cecil's Textbook of Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2007.Reviewed By: Andrew Schriber, M.D., F.C.C.P., Specialist in Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Virtua Memorial Hospital, Mount Holly, New Jersey. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
