Dental x-rays

• Alternative Names

  X-ray - teeth; Radiograph - dental; Bitewings; Periapical film; Panoramic film

• How the test is performed

  The test is performed in the dentist's office. There are four types of x-rays:

  • Bitewing
  • Periapical
  • Palatal (also called occlusal)
  • Panoramic

  The bitewing is when the patient bites on a paper tab and shows the crown portions of the top and bottom teeth together.

  The periapical shows one or two complete teeth from crown to root.

  A palatal or occlusal x-ray captures all the upper and lower teeth in one shot while the film rests on the biting surface of the teeth.

  A panoramic x-ray requires a special machine that rotates around the head. The x-ray captures the entire jaws and teeth in one shot. It is used to plan treatment for dental implants, check for impacted wisdom teeth, and detect jaw problems. A panoramic x-ray is not good for detecting cavities, unless the decay is very advanced and deep.

  In addition, many dentists are taking x-rays using digital technology. The image runs through a computer. The amount of radiation transmitted during the procedure is less than traditional methods.

• How to prepare for the test

  There is no special preparation. Notify the dentist if you are pregnant.

• How the test will feel

  The x-ray itself causes no discomfort. Some people find that biting on the piece of film makes them gag. Slow, deep breathing through the nose usually relieves this feeling.

• Why the test is performed

  Dental x-rays help diagnose disease and injury of the teeth and gums. 

• Normal Values

  The x-rays show a normal number, structure, and position of the teeth and jaw bones. There are no cavities or other problems.

• What abnormal results mean

  Dental x-rays may be used to identify the following:

  • The number, size, and position of teeth
  • Unemerged or impacted teeth
  • The presence and extent of dental caries (cavities)
  • Bone damage (such as from periodontitis)
  • Abscessed teeth
  • Fractured jaw
  • Malocclusion of teeth
  • Other abnormalities of the teeth and jaw bones
• What the risks are

  There is very low radiation exposure. However, no one should receive more radiation than necessary. A lead apron can be used to cover the body and reduce radiation exposure. Pregnant women should not have x-rays taken unless absolutely necessary.

• Special considerations

  Dental x-rays can reveal dental cavities (tooth decay) before they are visible even to the dentist. Many dentists will take yearly bitewings to catch the early development of cavities.

Review Date: 5/28/2008

Reviewed By: Jason S. Baker, DMD, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Private Practice, Yonkers, New York. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.