Marine animal stings or bites

• Alternative Names

  Stings - marine animals; Bites - marine animals

• Considerations

  The majority of these types of stings occur in salt water. Some types of marine stings or bites can be deadly.

• Causes

  Causes include bites or stings from various types of marine life including: jellyfish, Portuguese Man-of-War, stingray, stonefish, scorpion fish, catfish, sea urchins, sea anemone, hydroid, coral, cone shell, sharks, barracudas, and moray or electric eels.

• Symptoms

  There may be pain, burning, swelling, redness, or bleeding near the area of the bite or sting. Other symptoms can affect the entire body, and may include:

  • Cramps
  • Diarrhea
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Groin pain, armpit pain
  • Fever
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Paralysis
  • Sweating
  • Weakness, faintness, dizziness
• First Aid
  • Wear gloves, if possible when removing stingers.
  • Wipe off stingers or tentacles with a towel.
  • Wash the area with salt water.
  • Soak the wound in as hot of water as the patient can tolerate for 30 - 90 minutes, if told to do so by trained personnel.
  • For some types of stings/bites, you may be told to apply vinegar or a meat tenderizer/water solution to neutralize the venom.
• Do Not
  • Do NOT attempt to remove stingers without protecting your own hands.
  • Do NOT raise the affected body part above the level of the heart.
  • Do NOT allow the patient to exercise.
  • Do NOT give any medication, unless told to do so by a health care provider.
• Call immediately for emergency medical assistance if

  Seek medical help (call 911 or your local emergency number) if the person has difficulty breathing, chest pain, nausea, vomiting or uncontrolled bleeding, if the sting site develops swelling or discoloration, or for other body-wide (generalized) symptoms.

• Prevention
  • Swim near a lifeguard.
  • Observe posted signs that may warn of danger from jellyfish or other hazardous marine life.
  • Do not touch unfamiliar marine life. Even dead animals or severed tentacles may contain poisonous venom.
• References

  Otten EJ. Venomous animal injuries. In: Marx JA, ed. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 59.

Review Date: 1/13/2010

Reviewed By: Jacob L. Heller, MD, MHA, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.