Salivary gland disorders

• Causes, incidence, and risk factors

  The salivary glands produce saliva (spit), which moistens food to aid chewing and swallowing. Saliva contains enzymes that begin the digestion process. Saliva also cleans the mouth by washing away bacteria and food particles. Saliva keeps the mouth moist and helps to keep dentures or orthodontic appliances (such as retainers) in place.

  There are three pairs of salivary glands:

  • The two largest are the parotid glands, one in each cheek in front of the ears
  • Two sublingual glands are under the floor of the mouth
  • Two submandibular glands are at the back of the mouth on both sides of the jaw

  All of the salivary glands empty saliva into the mouth through ducts that open at various locations in the mouth.

  The salivary glands may become inflamed (irritated) because of infection, tumors, or stones.

  Related topics:

  • Salivary duct stones
  • Salivary duct tumors
  • Salivary gland infections
• Symptoms
  • Abnormal tastes, foul tastes
  • Decreased ability to open the mouth
  • Discomfort when opening the mouth
  • Dry mouth
  • Pain in the face or mouth pain
  • Swelling in front of the ears
  • Swelling of the face or neck
• Signs and tests

  Tests vary depending on the suspected disorder.

• Treatment

  The treatment varies depending on the specific disorder.

• Expectations (prognosis)

  Most salivary gland disorders respond well to treatment. See the specific disorders.

• Complications

  See the specific disorders.

• Calling your health care provider

  ALWAYS call your health care provider if you have symptoms of a salivary gland disorder.

• Prevention

  Most of the problems with salivary glands are not preventable. Adequate hydration, use of sialogogues (things that increase salivation -- for example, sour candy), and massage of the gland can increase salivary flow and help prevent infection.

Review Date: 3/3/2009

Reviewed By: James L. Demetroulakos, MD, FACS, Department of Otolaryngology, North Shore Medical Center, Salem, MA. Clinical Instructor in Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.